Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay

Who Is To Blame For Low pick outr Turnout Politics seekDemocracy is the most favorable form of government in todays world. Its existence said that we all told should work hand in hand in golf-club to make decisions on certain governmental matters and that put up exactly be make attainable by dint of participation which is vote. Our right to elector fishing gear is guaranteed in Canada under percentage 3 of Charter of Rights and freedoms2 provided legion(predicate) passel dont exercise this right. entirely if they had non been granted this right, they probably give feel offended and divested. Regardless of Section 3, Canadian elector kit in recent years has been disappointing and non actually reassuring. In ago few decades, there has been a gradual decrease in elector end product in Canada. Turnout has dropped signifi ceasetly since 1988. In 2000, the tractor trailer r distri justivelyed final mark ever but the record was elevate impoverished in 2008 fe deral elections3which embossed eyebrows of all policy- qualification parties and further raised questions and concerns whether Canadian coun strive and the electoral brass argon force playive enough. A number of scholars and political scientists point that we necessity to bring in a in the raw effective electoral constitution in order to summation elector equipage and government and policy makers hold similarly commenced ship notifyal to improve Canadian democracy. This paper examines the voter tackle in past few decades, reasons for decrease in voter turnout, including cynicism and apathy of voters and versatile possible refines in order to make Canadian democracy more(prenominal) effective.Voter turnout shag be described as when recorded voters vote and when registered voters tag a bal make do during elections. It is calculated by dividing number of valid votes by registered electoral districts4. It doesnt count rejected bal slews or spoiled bal often. Voter turnout is really important in admonishmining steady-going deals confidence and satis detailion with the government, political parties, and their policies. It is as well a good sign of healthy democracy. High voter turnout legitimizes the governments authority over concourse. Voter turnout also reflects communitys eng maturement in politics and decisions being made by political members on their behalf. It also shows polite literacy among mess in regards to political issues. Increase in turnout ordain decrease inequality among social separates5. But the gigantic story in news from past twain decades is decrease in voter turnout. From 1945 to 1988 Canada has sleep withed full(prenominal) level of voter turnout6. Since 1988 it has decreased significantly, with the humbleest mark in 2008 federal elections. It was 75 % in 1988 comp bed to 64.7% in 2006 and 58 % in 20087. Canada has enjoyed very high voter turnout until 1988. Voter turnout in Canada is baseborn comp argon d to opposite countries such as Australia, France, Ger galore(postnominal), New Zealand and join Kingdom8. The questions that arises is why do some people vote and others dont enjoy this privilege. Why is it so low in Canada? This question has been a warm topic and central to many political scientists and political enquiry9. thinkable Ca givesThis can be due to cynicism and apathy of people. mint are very pessimistic about what government does and there is an absence of enthusiasm in people. Recent studies signal that voters felt cynical, disappointed, dissatisfied and there was a adept of disempowerment. People think that government wastes a lot of time and capital rather than making right choices for common good. Its bureaucracy and decisions are made by bureaucrats. They make decisions based on their own takes. Politicians are dishonest, self-centered, unaccountable, need integrity and accomplish very little10.Lots of research has been through with(p) on this particular topic by various authors, political scientists and periodncies but no specific or static reasons were pardoned or they are so far to be revealed. Each study revealed different aspects, different reasons and circumstances for low voter turnout. Lots of those studies revealed variables independent of cynicism and apathy of voters. There are lots of other possible causes for lower voter turnouts. These factors range from personal reasons to age and gender. Voters lack of involvement because of disinterest in elections is one of the main causes of low voter turnout11. They unremarkably think that their votes are meaningless and then allowing not make any difference if they dont vote. But people seem to do forgotten that every vote counts and every vote makes a difference. That being said, one of the reasons behind this thinking is that government usually proposes referendums during elections and these referendums reflects a change or proposes a particular constitutional measur e. A good example would be Charlottetown Accord, 199212. People who are not regard in pick out are unaware of these referendums and hence delay all the changes that would pay off otherwise been considered as positive changes. likewise people are less likely to start out the parties, their policies, candidates and appealing leading13. Every society proposes few legislations and policies that they will implement after they attain been choosen. Reason why people dont find these policies appealing is because those policies dont meet their expectations and totally meaningless to them. People also dont find their leaders charismatic. If we look at the census, Liberal ships company has made absolute majority government most of the times. Liberals had some exceptional leaders such as Sir Wilfrid Laurier, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Lester B. Pearson, Pierre Trudeau, Jean Chretien and these leaders guard had charisma. They attracted people towards them because the policies they d iscussed before elections, implemented most of them14. Current government has been criticized by everyone for not coming up with strategies to fight economic deficit and fighting recession. march plan was developed but it did not have such(prenominal) refer15. Another reason that can be considered responsible for low voter turnout is personal or administrative components of voters life16. take usually takes place during daytime and weekdays. Most people go to work or school or are unable to vote due to various personal difficultys. Sometimes, their electoral district is too far from work and they are unable to vote. A lot of people are also absorbed with their families, kids and other family responsibilities after hours and are unable to go down to their constituency and vote. In conclusion, these reasons could be the few basic reasons that led to decline in voter turnout.There are few other controversial reasons which affects voter turnout. quantify is considered one of them . It has been said that people are usually off during summer time on vacation and winter weather conditions can deter participation. It also explains cross sectional variations. Weather conditions do have an effect on voter turnout17whereas statistics Canada doesnt provide any such evidence. Also none of the other studies provide any evidence for this argument with further research. Elections have been conducted at various days, various months18. Television and turnout is other controversial reason but there hasnt been much debate on this particular topic. It has been said that TV is a revolution in democracy and it gives people clear understanding of trends and issues but it has reduced voter turnout. TV has reduced radios efficiency which is really effective in rural areas19.People use their leisure time in watching TV rather than listening to political agendas on radio. They spend more time in delight as opposed to focusing on informative aspects20. No other studies provide such evidence. Socio-economic characteristics also affect voter turnout. Turnout is high in advanced countries. Advanced countries are more likely to participate in their countries matter and decisions21. other factors include changing times and values, religion, yen authority of one political party, political disaffection, gender, education, origin etc2223.Lower youngish Participation and EnhancementEven though these factors play significant federal agency in voter turnout but not all political scientists and scholars agree on them. They all seem to agree on two main reasons that have a huge impact on voter turnout in past as well as in recent elections and these reasons are youth electoral engagement and Canadian electoral arrangement. Less participation of youth or apathy among youth can be a possible reason as discussed by many political scientists24. Politicians and government are concerned about why young people dont participate in elections or if they do, why their turno ut is so low as compared to other age groups. The turnout between age group of 18 to 24 is still relatively small. Knowing that fact that it has been decreasing, actual reasons behind this are still foggy and poorly understood. In 2008 federal elections total turnout was 58.8% and lowest turnout was among age group of 18-24 with 37.4%25. early days in Canada dont involve themselves in Canadian Politics. More research take to be done to find out what motivates young people. pith for Information and Research on Canada, at one instance mentioned some young adults are highly mobile, and so less rooted in their communities and less aware of community needs and issues. For these reasons, they are likely to be less interested in elections. But as they grow old, it generally assumed that they will become more likely to vote26But politicians and government arent that optimistic as young voters are moving away from politics. This can be determined by looking at enrollment of student in Political Science courses at University level. It has been gradually declining27.Youth must be encouraged to participate in elections. Young voters magnetic inclination to vote needs to be understood. Also Canadian leaders or parties should directly address Canadian youth during elections28. Seminars or multimedia campaigns should be conducted for young people to educate them and make them more aware of Canadian political system and how to participate in it. Round table discussions in colleges and universities would be an effective step in civic literacy of youth and parents must discuss politics with their children at home and it will definitely upraise their politics skills. Also students must stay in school and schools should cater political science courses or make them mandatory or coercive29. New experiments and tests needs to be designed to increase voter turnout not just among youth but overall population30. We need to give profound consideration to Canadian youth and their needs. Much needs be done in order to over come this matter.electoral System and Possible ReformsAlthough electoral system is not the sole problem for low voter turnout, it has been blamed primarily for citizens apathy and cynicism. Canadas current electoral system is based on single member plurality or most commonly known as First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) at federal, eclogue and municipal level. In this system, a single individual is elected from a horseback riding to represent citizens of that electoral district. share who assembles most votes becomes Member of Parliament. There has been an current debate on whether Canadian electoral system should be changed. Advocates of this system argue that it produces stable majority government31whereas other political scientists argue that we need new system as it is outdated. There have been lots of problems with current Canadian electoral system including regional polarization, fairness, under-representation of women, democratic l imiting32. Once again, advocates replied by saying that there is no solution to regionalism as population is sparsely divided in provinces. There is not much that government or political parties can do in order to overcome that unequal distribution of population. Arguments were also made on relative representation electoral system by saying that it can bring to pass unsought results such as political fragmentation, coalition or nonage governments, cabinet instability etc. They further mentioned that theres no guarantee that voter turnout will go up if Canada introduces new electoral system and also its not going to have any effect on representation33. Survey was conducted by Elections Canada to find out whether people are satisfied with current electoral system. There werent too many variations in the results i.e. on one hand people want to give up current electoral system and at the same time try proportional representation system34.In recent years, electoral reform proponents ar e willing to introduce comparative Representation in Canada. It is a primary substitute to Single Member Plurality35. According to this system, each member will pack his/her share or a sit down based on shares of votes they get, regardless of whether they get highest number of votes or lowest number of votes. This will give a fair and equal take a chance to all the members who are riding for that constituency. Also voters wouldnt think that their votes are meaningless. They get to choose member of their choice. comparative Representation has two categories List System and Single Transferrable Vote36. Buy as usual Proportional Representation has its critics. Critics argue that this will create many small new parties within the legislature, will produce unstable government by freehand an opportunity to radical parties to represent themselves and not all constituencies will be covered37.Most democracies in world today use Proportional Representation. Voter turnout level is beyond exception in countries that are practicing proportional representation. It has been widely considered that Proportional Representation will have a huge impact on Canadian political system which includes more representative parliament, reduction of regional polarization, no single party majority governments equal representation of all members from various constituencies, Prime Minister will have less power, federal and provincial balance38. Research has also demonstrated that Proportional Representation will lead to high turnout39. Provinces such as British Columbia, Ontario, New Brunswick have considered this option and have taken appropriate steps to introduce this system among community members. Ontario also introduced Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) System which can also be as another alternative to our current electoral system. Mixed Member Proportionality is mixture of local elected districts member and members elected on provincial level from party list. It gives options to p eople to choose two members at same time, one from party and second a local candidate. It will create stable parties, equal representation, fair election results, accountability stronger voter participation etc40.Alternative vote can also go hand in hand with Proportional Representation. Under alternative vote people have to rank the candidates based on their preference and candidate much receive 50% vote and candidates will lower number of votes are mechanically dropped out. Hence number of votes goes up and number of candidates goes down41.Electronic Voting is another big alternative that can replace our current electoral system. Surveys conducted have demonstrated that Canadians favor internet voting, especially youth. All provinces have high approval rate. It has been considered the best method to increase voter turnout, compensate better than Proportional Representation42. Another surveys conducted by Toronto Star have revealed high approval rate43. It will be a lot easier for people to vote online and very reliable. It will solve the problem of those people who cant make it to their electoral districts on voting day. People can regularly provide feedback through surveys about government policies at federal, provincial and municipal levels. Critics argue that internet voting will create intelligent concerns. Research issues can also lead to failure of this internet voting. In addition, security issues can come into play and resolving these security issues can put extra burden on the budget as it will cost lost of money44.Another concern with this is people who are data processor illiterate, or people who doesnt have access to computers but the Government is be after to test this system by 2013.Compulsory Voting or authorization Voting could be another alternative. In this system, all voters must register and obliged show up on voting day. They still have the choice of not to vote. Fines or other sanctions will be compel if they dont show up. Many ad vanced democracies are using mandatory voting such as Australia, Belgium, and Brazil. Voter turnout is very high in these countries. Proponents of this system argue that this will increase voter turnout, election campaigns can focus more on issue rather than teaching people about electoral system. This can also enhance peoples participation in political process other than voting45. Compulsory voting critics argue that people will vote just for the sake of voting. This will not express their opinions. It is an undemocratic way to vote and it infringes their get hold of rights under section 3. Majority of Canadians are against this voting system. Penalties can be expensive for people who cannot afford to pay. It also doesnt address questions of low voter turnout and civic literacy among citizens46.Lots of different proposals have been discussed by various political scientists which includes civic literacy among people. People should be taught about politics. It can be done through me dia. Countries with high civic literacy have high voter turnout47. Other proposals say that Permanent Residents should be allowed to vote as they make good amount of Canadian population. Being Permanent Resident, they cannot do certain things and voting is one of them. Critics argue that this infringe section 3 or charter of rights and freedoms and take holds valuable and experienced people away from participation which further declines their interest in politics48. More opportunities for peoples participation in politics should be developed. Diversity should be increased i.e. women and visible minorities. Government should also keep citizens demands in mind and should work on them. public opinion surveys should be conducted each year to find out satisfaction in government. Public opinion and overall good should be preferred while making diplomatic decisions.ConclusionVoter turnout has been decreasing. Efforts are being to find out the reasons behind it. Different authors, scholar s, political scientists use different opinions and views to explain this trend. We must change low voter turnout trend and electoral reform could be a revolutionary idea. Canadian democracy must be improved by putting more emphasis on citizens needs. People should be encouraged to engage in politics through civic literacy. Reforms are not to that degree being implemented but theres a good chance that they will be looked upon and tested in future. As Canadians, its upto us whether we want to see a change. Research is yet being conducted to reveal what underlies beneath, offer practical solutions and overcome this problem.