Thursday, October 31, 2019

A Claim for Religious Discrimination against Coach Al West Assignment - 2

A Claim for Religious Discrimination against Coach Al West - Assignment Example Title 11 of the Civil Rights Act recognizes sports arena, stadium, and other public places of exhibition or entertainment as public accommodation places (Loevy, 1997). For that reason, Ahman could bring a claim for religious discrimination against the NWSU coach under the Title 11 of the Civil Rights Acts. Â  Question 2 Answer: Mohammed Ahman could also bring a religious discrimination claim against NWSU coach under the First Amendment Free Exercise Clause. The First Amendment Free Exercise Clause recognizes the individual right to practice his/her religion, without any form of interference from the government or from anybody else (First Amendment: Chapter 9, n.d). Although by discriminating Ahman on religious grounds NWSU coach did not directly deny Ahman his right to practice his religion, the discrimination, however, indirectly interfered with Ahman’s right to religious freedom recognized by the First Amendment Free Exercise Clause. By asking the football team to recite the Lord’s player after each practice, the NWSU coach failed to recognize the Ahman’s religious freedom to exercise his religion of choice; this action, therefore, amounts to interference with Ahman’s right to freely exercise his religion. Secondly, the NWSU coach’s constant inquir y from Ahman on the relationship between Al-Qaeda and Islam shows that the NWSU coach had a negative attitude towards Islam as a religion. The negative attitude towards Islam could make Ahman uncomfortable in practicing his religion; this again amounts to interference with Ahman’s right to freely exercise his religion.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Tort Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tort 2 - Assignment Example y have different types of compensation schemes and laws for injured employees, but they are all intended to guard against the negative consequences of inability to earn an income caused by injury. Most industrialised states are exhibiting a renewed interest in their systems of personal injury litigation, which can be viewed as an inclination towards responding to personal injury through legal redress. For example, in the United Kingdom, there is the Workers Compensation Act, of which the entire Part 3 and several provisions of Part 1 are applicable to occupational safety and health (IIDB, 2014). Sections of Part 4 are applicable to safety and health decisions appeals. Therefore, workers’ compensation is a scheme where employers must either pay or provide insurance that will pay medical expenses and lost wages of workers who get injured while performing their jobs. This paper will show that Tom, Dick and Harry have different rights and compensation levels from a dry cleaner the y worked for before being retired on health grounds after developing different diseases caused by a chemical they used at work. Under the Workers’ Compensation Act, an employer is defined as anyone with one or more workers who work for them in an industry by either a hiring or apprenticeship contract which is implied, expressed, oral or written. On the other hand, a worker is defined from multiple perspectives, but the most suitable in the case of Tom, Dick and Harry would be anyone under apprenticeship or contract of service whether implied, expressed, oral or written. Tort law defines a duty of care as a legal obligation owed by an individual to others, whereby a reasonable standard of care must be exercised while performing acts that are potentially harmful (Bagshaw & McBride, 2008). It also requires that the harm must be foreseeable. In the case of Squeakyclean, the company had known for 10 years that Blastoff, a chemical fluid used in the process of dry cleaning, causes a

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Sociolinguistics as a Way of Adjustment in Conversation

Sociolinguistics as a Way of Adjustment in Conversation INTRODUCTION This study is aiming to examine how different strategies and processes are used in sociolinguistics as a way of adjustment of the writers manner of address in relation to his or her perception of the addressee. This is a complex process of change within the dynamics of conversation and writing. (Giles/Powesland 1975). It is often said that convergence seems to be the rule in media language. For instance, phonological features in radio broadcasting showed that presenters use measurably more informal pronunciations in stations which primarily address lower class, less educated, and younger listeners (Bell 1991. Ch.6). As far as newspapers are concerned, the followed classic hypothesis of convergence has been made by S. Hall, who claims that there is a reciprocity of producer/reader, what he called the public idiom of the media. However, this does not mean that the readers actually speak what they read or listen to, but there is evidence to suggest that a convergence takes place and that each paper makes its own convergence toward what it sees as a mode of discourse acceptable to its readership (Hall 1978,61). BACKGROUND RESEARCH Bell (1991.cb 6) has carried out research into determiner deletion; that being words found within the English Language that (which produces phrases like superstar Cher, newsagents manager Martin Gilbert, Defence Secretary Michael Portillo (all from The Sun, January 6, 1996). Several studies show that the deletion of articles in such phrases distinguishes tabloids from broadsheet British Newspapers. These are correlations with assumed class and education and the deletion seems to imply modernity, populism, and journalistic raciness. -Medienwissenschaft: ein Handbuch zur Entwicklung der Medien un Kommunikations formen Joaquin-FÃ ©lix, Hans-Wemer Ludwig) (Media Science: A manual for the development of the media and communication forms) Ryden (1975) and Bell (1985) both investigate the use of noun phrase name appositions in newspapers language and in particular the spread of phrases like Opposition leader Neil Knock with descriptive noun phrase appositive without a determiner preceding the name. This format is relatively recent and is in Britain largely but not entirely restricted to the two categories of tabloid papers -Social Stylistics: Syntactic variation in British Newspapers Andreas H. Jucker- The influence of the reader in newspaper style is supported by the research carried out by Bell (1991) and Jucker (1989). Bell (1991: 107-108), in his studies on naming expressions, states that this practice was more common in papers like The Sun, The Mirror, The Express than in The telegraph, The Guardian and The Times. The deletions were found in greater numbers in papers catering for lower socio-economic classes. After studying the deletion of determiners Jucker (1989) divided British newspapers into three categories below. He found that determiners were deleted more often in Down markets papers than in Midmarket papers, while there were very few deletions in style with a certain type of reader. Using this information Jucker (1989) divides British newspapers into three categories: Up market: The Times, Financial Times, Guardian, Independent, Daily telegraph Midmarket: Daily Mail, Daily Express, Today Down-market: Daily Mirror, Star, Sun. The writers mentioned in this section all maintain that TABLOIDS and BROADSHEETS are different in almost every way. -A Genre Approach to Re-Entry Patterns in Editorials BARRY PENNOCK Methodology Many considerations were taken in terms of which method would be best to use in order to carry out the investigation into the use of determiners in the media. The first decision that had to be made was which branch of the media would be used as a source for the study. The options ranged from television programs, magazines, internet websites, radio and newspapers. The choice of newspapers was made based primarily on access to previous research, mentioned in the Background Research section of this report. The fact that a similar study had been carried out by Bell et al in the comparison of determiner usage between the different types of newspaper gave a good basis on which to base our own study. Added to this is the intrigue of whether the results obtained will have a similar outcome to those obtained by these linguists twenty years ago. The next step was to realise that in order to study determiners, a content analysis was the only possible method that could be used. It was also the same method used by Bell et al. in their study. However there are many advantages and disadvantages of using this process that led to many limitations to the practical side of the study. It is fairly time consuming which can often limit the researcher to a smaller sample than a less time consuming method. The chance for a margin of error is increased particularly if relational analysis is used. This study does require a level of relational analysis, that being the assumption of what by todays standard of English counts as a missing determiner and what does not; which limits the validity of the results, especially if the intention is to directly compare the results found by Bell et al. It is also difficult to computerize and therefore the results obtained have to be manually automated which adds to the total time consumption that using a digital content analysis could perhaps have avoided. Our study therefore began firstly by selecting a number of different newspapers to compare. This was done by initially selecting an equal number of British papers that are considered heavyweight[1] newspapers, i.e. The Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, and an equal number of tabloid or middle-market[2] newspapers such as The Daily Mail and the redtops,[3] such as The Sun and The Daily Star. The six papers aforementioned were picked from those available from the University Shop on campus, with each category of newspaper represented and to be used in comparison with each other. They were then grouped into the retrospective classes: Group 1 included The Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian; Group 2 included The Sun, The Daily Mail and The Daily Star. Our hypothesis, that fewer determiners will be deleted from the papers in Group 1 than the amount deleted from Group 2, was then decided upon. On the other hand there are many advantages to using content analysis such as the fact that it can combine quantitative and qualitative operations through the ability to see clearly the context of the deletion or inclusion. This method also has very few ethical issues as it is available to the public and no permission is needed in order to access it. It is also a very unobtrusive means of analysing the use of the English Language. It is also reliable as this study has been done before and can be repeated by the same or other researchers. After the newspapers were selected the specific details of how this content analysis would be carried out was then agreed upon. It was decided that two articles would be analysed from each of the six papers; one regarding a political subject and the other focussing on sport. This was done in order to firstly observe if there was any difference between the uses of determiners between the papers and then secondly if there was a difference within the different papers when the subject matter was different. It was clear that in order to increase the validity of this research the newspapers analysed would have to all be taken from the same date and then the articles chosen were to be about the same topic within politics and sport. The newspapers were therefore collected for analysis on the 6th May 2010 and the similar stories of the day in the two subject areas were then analysed. It was decided that the headlines and tag lines of all the articles would be included in the study. However it was recognised that headlines in general tend to have determiner deletions as standard. After the articles were selected the exact process of working out the determiner deletion was decided upon. Firstly the article word length was counted and recorded, then the entire article was analysed and all the determiners within the article were highlighted and totalled. Then a second analysis of each article was carried out in order to locate where the determiners were missing in accordance with Standard English practice.[4] These would again be totalled and recorded in a spread sheet where the number of determiners which have been deleted would be calculated as a percentage of the total determiners that could have been used in the entire article. Although every measure has been taken to improve the reliability, validity and practical issues posed by any method of research, this study is not without its limitations. Firstly not all the variables can be controlled. Firstly, the sex of the journalist whom had written each article is not being taken into account. This means that the results obtained could be reduced in validity, due to the fact that gender could have an influence over the amount of determiners used within the articles. In a similar vein, the age of the journalist is also unknown, which could similarly have an impact upon the amount of determiners used or deleted. It is also a fairly subjective study and it is likely that some determiner deletions could be overlooked depending upon the researcher carrying out the study. In order to improve this limitation the same person shall be carrying out the content analysis on each of the papers. Due to the time consuming nature of this method as aforementioned the sample si ze had to be kept quite small to three newspapers of the two different categories. This reduces the representativeness of the study as not all newspapers have been analysed therefore it is probably unlikely that any generalisations can be made from this study only suggestions.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Androgyne in Shakespeares As You Like It :: Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The Androgyne in As You Like It       The androgyne is a strong figure that mentally joins the female and male characteristics together as one (American Heritage). Androgyny does not only refer to the physical senses it also refers to the cultural and social aspects of daily life. There are two main types of androgyny that were applied during the Renaissance which are referred to as mythic and satiric androgyny (Orgel, 38). Satiric androgyny mainly deals with "feminized male figures and unfixed, unstable individual identities, and is essentially negative," (Hermaphrodites, 1). Mythic androgyny consists of "cross-dressers, water imagery and the fluid individual identity, and is essentially positive," (Hermaphrodites, 2).    As You Like It is based on the concepts included in Mythic androgyny. We find that Rosalind dresses as a man after she is banished from the court, yet her actions continue to revert back to her female characteristics. Her disguise would be considered cross-dressing and her changing could be considered as being the fluid individual identity. The fluid individual identity is a way of saying that she changes her own identity. When Rosalind is talking with Celia or Touchstone, she takes on her female identity, but when Rosalind talks with Orlando she takes on the male identity of Ganymede.    As You Like It starts out in the court, where Rosalind in a female dressed as a female, and Orlando is a male dressed as a male. Rosalind is being treated like a woman and she clearly acts like one. She attends the wrestling match, where her uncle, Duke Frederick, asks her and Celia, her cousin, to try on talk Orlando out of participating in the match. This is the point when Rosalind and Orlando meet, coerce, and begin having feelings for each other. Orlando does in fact defeat Charles, the Duke's wrestler. In this situation, Rosalind is portraying a female with typical female characteristics and Orlando is carrying out his male characteristics. In the court, they are in there true societal roles, but once they enter the forest of Ardenne those roles are dramatically changed.    "The androgynous woman literally incorporates the independence that the male was designed to exemplify prior to the introduction of woman, but the male who depends on a woman becomes effeminate and is perceived as missing something in the outline of maleness," (Rose, 25). While in the forest of Ardenne, Rosalind is dressing in and taking on the male persona.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Death and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt Essay

Throughout the ancient world, it was commonly believed that individuals survived in some form after death. From earliest times, people laid out and drink for dead relatives and performed rituals on their behalf. In many places, people shared communal meals with the dead. These practices were meant to ensure the well-being of the deceased and also to soothe the spirits of the dead and to protect the living from their displeasure (Taylor). The great exception to common ancient beliefs about the afterlife was provided by ancient Egypt. Here life was imagined to follow the cyclic pattern of nature. The sun-god Re and the god Osiris exhibited a pattern of death and resurrection. The transition to the afterlife required certain rituals. The body had to be preserved through mummification, to serve as the basis for the life of the spirit. To reach the realm of the dead, the deceased required special knowledge. From a relatively early period, there was also a judgment, symbolized by the weighing of the heart in a balance. In Egypt we find what are probably the earliest foreshadowings of hell: a place where unrighteous people are subjected to torments and â€Å"the second death (Johnston). † Death The Egyptian approach to the problem of death and the afterlife was the most optimistic solution ever elaborated until their time. The end of life, death, was simply unacceptable. This reflected their optimistic nature, their love of the body and the joys it procured, a contrario to the Hindu solution to the problem of death which reflected a pessimistic nature and the rejection and destruction of the body. Death was intolerable for the Egyptians; it was desirable for the Hindus. Perhaps, above all, the Osirisian revolution represented the highest point of optimism and hope reached in the ancient world the evolution (from the sixth century BC) of Zoroastrian/Hebrew/Christian resurrection/afterlife concepts. Death posed such difficult problems for man that it took over 60,000 years or more, the interim between the Neanderthals and the Egyptians, to come up with radically new ideas and launch a new trajectory of wishful thinking and illusion which would eventually lead to the inventions of Paradise and Hell based on morality and the final judgment and final destiny of all mankind. Egypt, probably largely independently and right from the start of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2868 BC), innovated, made major breakthroughs and may have exercised significant influence on other peoples in the search for the solution to the problem of death. What had somehow occurred in Egypt was a fabulous bringing to fruitition of all of man’s imaginative efforts and abstract reasoning concerning death. The Egyptians sketched out and invented a new type of afterlife aimed at permanently defeating death (Najovits). Mummies of Ancient Egypt In the modern mind no single type of artifact from the ancient world excites more interest that the Egyptian mummy and no other kind of object is considered more typically Egyptian. The very word mummy brings to mind a host of associated ideas – the Egyptian belief in life after death, the seemingly pervasive concern with the notion of death, and the elaborate preparations that were made for it. It is well to state at the outset that religious beliefs made it necessary to preserve the dead, and what it seems a preoccupation with death was actually the outgrowth of a love of life and an attempt to prepare for a continuation in the next world of life as it is known in this. A considerable literature, much of it of a speculative nature, has grown up around the modern interest in the process of mummification. In recent decades the progress of science has done much to dispel earlier misconceptions, but many of these have become firmly fixed and die hard. The process of mummification is still considered to be a ‘lost art’ by many who would rather remain content with an intriguing mystery than be disappointed with a simple explanation. The process was the result of a continuous development based on trial and error and observable results. The details of technique can now be discussed with some confidence and accuracy (Taylor). Through the use of various physical/surgical and chemical processes, the Egyptians devised artificial means to preserve corpses. The process of mummification was introduced very early in Egypt’s dynastic history, in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC. Even before then, the Egyptians must have noticed that the hot, dry sand of the desert often desiccated and preserved bodies without any artificial processes. A variety of techniques evolved over many centuries to conserve the bodies of Egypt’s nobility; these included removing the internal organs, soaking the body in natron, and wrapping it tightly in linen. When Herodotus visited Egypt in the 5th century he documented the mummification methods that were still known, even though the art and science of embalming was not important as it had been earlier (Monet). Afterlife The origins of an afterlife, Paradise and Hell are enveloped in considerable obscurity. At least sixty thousand years ago, the Neanderthals imagined phenomena which did not necessarily exist or certainly did not exist. Perhaps based on their experience of dream life, they seem to have imagined the existence of an afterlife, invented ritual burial for entry into the afterlife, and possibly believed in the existence of the soul. Even if we can have no exact idea of what the afterlife meant for the Neanderthals, the decoration of some dead bodies and the inclusion of foods, goods, weapons and ornaments in their graves, clearly indicate that they believed that life somehow did not end with death that as aspect of life, or a spirit, continued. The seeds of Paradise, the concepts of immorality or consolation, or paradisiacal reward, for the first life, are already at least potentially contained in such a view. However, the Neanderthals and all other peoples at least until Egyptian times seem to have sought solutions to death which were not explicit (Najovits). The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt If you say the word â€Å"pyramid,† most people will think of ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians built many famous pyramids. The pyramids were created by the ancient Egyptian civilization, which began about 5,000 years ago. The pyramids were built to serve in the afterlife. These serve as staircases for the dead pharaoh to ascend in the sky, funerary practices involving rituals, spells and amulets and techniques designed to facilitate entry into the afterlife and protection and well being once there. Ancient Egyptians believed that each person had a spirit, or ka, that lived on after the person died. A person’s most important task during their lifetime was to prepare for life after death. Rulers and wealthy people built tombs to be homes for their kas. The earliest tombs were simple structures that resemble large benches. Then, around 2750 B. C. , King Zoser built the first pyramid. It was not a true pyramid. It looked like giant steps, so it became known as the Step Pyramid. King Snefru built the first true pyramid about 150 years later. The Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the Egyptian pyramids, was built nearly 4,500 years ago and stands 481 feet (147 m) high. It is located in northern Egypt near the city of Cairo. The Great Pyramid of Giza was built to be the grave for King Khufu. Pyramids provided a place where a king’s body could safely pass into the afterlife. Many great riches were held rooms within the pyramids. The ancient pyramids are engineering marvels. We still don’t know exactly how they were built. We do know that their construction required impressive knowledge of math. We can learn more about the pyramids and the people who built them by using our math skills to study the most famous Egyptian pyramid – the Great Pyramid (Down). From the Old Kingdom to the beginning of the New Kingdom, kings were buried in pyramid tombs, comprising a massive superstructure of stone or mudbrick with adjacent mortuary temple or chapel. In the New Kingdom, the pyramid ceased to be a royal prerogative, and small brick pyramids were incorporated into private tombs (Taylor). Works Cited: Down, David. â€Å"The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt. † Creation Magazine 26. 4 (2004): 44-49 pp. November 13, 2007 . Johnston, Sarah Iles. Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide. Harvard USA: Harvard University Press, 2004. Monet, Jefferson. â€Å"An Overview of Mummification in Ancient Egypt. † Tour Egypt (2005). November 13, 2007 . Najovits, Simson R. Egypt, Trunk of the Tree: A Modern Survey of an Ancient Land. New York: Algora Publishing, 2004. Taylor, John H. Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Disadvantages of Single Sex Schools

Around here, one of the common topics of conversation among the parent community is, â€Å"where are you going to send your kids to high school? † We genuinely have no idea. Our options are made much more complex by the fact that all of the six high schools within walking distance of our house (two public, four private) are single sex. When I talk about not wanting to send my boys to a single sex school, most parents are surprised that I would care.My reasoning is almost entirely about socialisation – I know enough people who found it very hard to talk normally to members of the opposite sex once they got out of their segregated environment to know how much the experience can (doesn’t always, of course! ) damage your social life. My mother is a good example – she’s told me often enough how hard she found it to go from a girls school to doing first year science at university – one of 4 women in classes of 150.That’s obviously extreme, b ut I imagine she would have found it easier to cope if she’d be learning alongside boys in her highschool also. Most of the reading I’ve done on the topic (a while ago) suggested that girls should go to single sex schools, so they didn’t get oppressed by boys who would stifle their willingness to speak up and learn in a classroom, and boys should go to co-ed schools so that the girls would calm them down and create a better learning environment.Hard to know where to find those girls willing to sacrifice themselves for the boys, though. But a recent article in New York Magazine suggested that I’m way behind the times. These days, there is a whole industry in explaining just how differently boys and girls learn, and how important it is to provide a learning environment that caters separately to boys and girls. Many of the most exclusive Sydney private schools have bought into this – here’s one example.But the New York Magazine article points o ut, gently but firmly, how methods based on averages fail to take account of the enormous distribution in attributes of both sexes. Even if boys, on average, hear slightly worse than girls (a hypothesis based on one very small study) – the range of hearing levels in boys and girls suggests that if you take an individual boy and girl, you chances are pretty close to even that the boy will have better hearing than the girl.Similarly for a whole set of learning attributes – boys are popularly supposed to learn better using visual spatial clues – but many girls will also. So an educational philosophy that is based on separating out children using gender as a guide to learning styles is likely to misclassify many of them. But the most interesting aspect of the New Yorker article, for me, is that the differences in results, if they even exist, are very small for middle to upper class children like mine.If single sex schools or classes make a difference, they generally only make a difference for children who are struggling. (which makes me sceptical about the effect – most children who are struggling will do better if teachers and a school care enough to try radical options, mostly because the teachers and the school are engaged, not so much because of the radical options). And in most contexts (at least in Australia) those struggling children are least likely to have any radical options available to them – their local state school will be it.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Assessing the Big-5 Model of Personality Essay Example

Assessing the Big Assessing the Big-5 Model of Personality Essay Assessing the Big-5 Model of Personality Essay Introduction This reappraisal discusses the paper presented by Karim, Zamzuri and Nor sing their work associating Internet moralss in an academic scene and the alleged theory Big-5 Model of Personality and how it helps to foretell computing machine usage behavior among pupils in Malaysia. The said survey was a research done on Malayan college pupils associating the Big-5 Model to Internet moralss and entitled, Researching the Relationship between Internet Ethics in University Students and the Big-5 Model of Personality published in Computers and Education which is a peer-reviewed academic diary ( Karim, Zamzuri A ; Nor 2009, p. 86 ) . It is good known that the rapid acceptance of Internet use is increasing in our mundane lives such as in the workplace, in societal networking, in commercialism, in banking and significantly in the academia. The widespread usage of the Internet in schools is furthered along because it is a really valuable tool for the educational procedure such as research for term documents, for illustration. It has been used progressively to advance squad work every bit good, such as college pupils given some assignments that require group work and close coordination among the members. The rapid usage of the Internet has besides engendered many unethical patterns today such as duplicity, plagiarism, straight-out disproof and fudging by informations by the pupils. There is clearly a demand to joint a set of ethical behaviors to forestall such patterns going widespread and entrenched in pupil behavior. Although the survey s writers had done an admirable occupation in suggesting the usage of the prognostic Big 5 Model in an academic scene, the survey has some defects which can be best addressed in future surveies to be undertaken by other similarly-inclined research workers and hopefully use the findings in other scenes as good. Discussion Article Summary The survey being critiqued here concerns the consequences of a study ( self-report ) done on 5 different college sections in the International Islamic University of Malaysia ( IIUM ) . The pupils in this public university were made to reply a questionnaire that links the extent to which these pupils engaged in unethical behavior with respects to their Internet use. The entire figure of student-respondents was 270 but merely 252 returned filled-out signifiers were really utile for the intents of this survey and the balance of 18 responses discarded ( ibid. p. 88 ) . The whole point of this survey which is rather pioneering in its novel usage of the Big 5 Model is how unethical Internet behavior can be faithfully predicted based on the five factors of personality or traits that sociologists term as amenity, conscientiousness, emotional stableness, extra-version and rational openness. The usage of this Big 5 Model is documented rather good in other surveies related to ot her Fieldss such as concern direction and consumer behavior purchasing forms and determination devising. This survey by Karim et Al. is an effort to make full out some identified research spreads. As of now, there is a dearth of research literature that had specifically linked the Big 5 traits to existent unethical behavior sing Internet usage. It is even more important that this survey is one of the first of its sort to associate the Big 5 Model to a few identified specific unethical behavior in a tertiary-level academic scene. With the menace of a deadline for entry of a term paper, for illustration, pupils are at great force per unit area to bring forth some quality academic work end product. This force per unit area has frequently lead to unethical behavior like plagiarism, deceitful usage of printed stuffs and even manipulating a set of informations by either changing the consequences slightly or wholly fabricating a false set of informations. The writers of this survey set out to find the extent or prevalence ( how widespread ) are the identified unethical behavior among Malayan college pupils sing Internet usage and if there is a nexus between those and the Big 5 Model to be able to reliably foretell them. The article reviewed here first gave some background on why unethical behavior in Internet usage has become rather common. Among grounds cited by the writers are advantages of utilizing the Internet like its easiness of usage and its widespread handiness with people and pupils now holding entree to cheaper Internet connexions. Experts consider Internet handiness as a blessing instead than a curse, particularly in an academic scene where much research work is being done. Entree to informations and other valuable beginnings of information and resource stuffs is made executable with Internet engineering ( Laurence A ; Miller 2000, p. 110 ) . The assorted unethical behaviors are termed by the survey writers as ITAD or Internet of this slowdown is in bioethics which struggled with the morality of root cell research utilizing embryo-destruction techniques ( Hug 2006, p. 111 ) and had a difficult clip specifying what constitutes a human being from the start of fertilisation, the fertilized ovum. In the same manner, Internet engineering has far outpaced the development of a set of the basic criterion codification of behavior that will hopefully steer all single Internet users. When a deadline for entry of a important academic paper is looming, the sense of urgency and immediateness now acquires an exigency position for pupils caught in state of affairss no different from Alzheimer s and Parkinson s sick persons who are impatient with all blowy moral statements about the moral properness of stem-cell research ( Ponnuru 2006, p. 160 ) . Students are more than probably to prosecute in unethical behavior to be able to go through the paper on clip. It is safe to presume that the fright of penalty when caught is now instilled in pupils heads due to the usage of electronic plagiarism sensing package such as Turnitin and CopyScape. But a more distressing issue is the deficiency of a comprehensive set of cyber-ethics that will instil values and guidelines about proper usage of the Internet as an academic resource as told by the writers. A Few Critical Issues in the Paper The writers of this paper claimed that the most common academic wickednesss connected with Internet usage are duplicity, disproof, plagiarism, delinquency and unauthorised aid. But within the same paragraph, they besides point as a confining factor of their survey the deficiency of more comprehensive correlativity analysis between these common wickednesss and the factors that may hold facilitated their committee such as single features, equal force per unit area and institutional policies ( or the deficiency thereof which is the instance with some universities ) . The writers should hold done a correlativity analysis on this relationship because it had someway detracted the cogency of their findings. Their failure to insulate these variable factors had impinged on whether the Big 5 Model is truly valid and replicable in other experiments with respects to the nexus between unethical Internet behavior and personality traits. There is another determina tion that I found a spot upseting or to state the least, rather confounding and this pertains to the profile of the study respondents. The writers of this survey had a 70 % female composing of respondents and merely 30 % are males. A different set of demographics in which females comprise two-thirds of the respondents does non in any detract from some of their decisions. However, presuming that their usage associating the Big 5 Model is right with respect to Internet behavior, so this survey at best has some skewed consequences. This is because it conflicts with an earlier survey done by Szabo A ; Underwood ( 2004 ) demoing an dismaying prevalence of the deviant behavior among males alternatively of females. The writers should hold clarified on this farther to avoid confounding their readers about some of their decisions. However, viewed on decisions that agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stableness are significantly reciprocally correlated to unethical Internet behavi or, so it someway makes sense because females are more fearful of acquiring caught and terrible effects of prosecuting in such deviant behavior than males. The writers acknowledged that the Big 5 Model is correlated positively with a figure of factors such as single public presentation, civilization, ethical behavior, profoundly held values and beliefs every bit good as the sense of morality ( Rawwas A ; Isakson 2000, p. 325 ) . These three writers further claimed in their survey that single differences sing the Big 5 Model that took into history certain fluctuations in civilization are rather stable or robust and therefore every bit valid or applicable with respects to their findings utilizing Malayan pupils. However, about in the same vena, they besides disclaimed that this is true by saying the consequences of their survey could be rather alone to the Malayan academic environment merely. This contradicts earlier claims that the Big 5 Model is applicable across assorted civilizat ions. Although they clarified on it with a caution, the writers still need to do a categorical base on this. Overall, I agree with their decision that amenity and conscientiousness are two factors that faithfully predict pupils antipathy to prosecuting in unethical Internet behavior but I find this to be a spot axiomatic. They besides stated that extra-version and rational openness are non strongly correlated which struggles with their hypotheses ( H1 and H5 in their paper ) . Decision Of all the wickednesss pupils are likely to perpetrate, it is likely plagiarism. This academic misdemeanor is non truly a condemnable offense but still pupils sometimes commit it accidentally or inadvertently because of the displacement in educational direction, from giving unwritten presentations of assignments to faculty and replaced by demands of written documents ( Simmons 1999, p. 41 ) . The survey writers suggest that ethical behavior is related to positive personality traits and if taken together with applied psychological science rules can be used to plan a comprehensive set of computing machine or cyber-ethics that can be integrated to the present course of study. An interesting manner to maximise the usage of Large 5 Model in Internet moralss will be to utilize a longitudinal survey that tracks the same people similar to a 4-year survey that detects a form ( Beauvais et al. 2007 ) .

Monday, October 21, 2019

Since no man has any natural authority over his fellows Essays

Since no man has any natural authority over his fellows Essays Since no man has any natural authority over his fellows Paper Since no man has any natural authority over his fellows Paper Rousseau endeavours to find a form of association which will defend the person and goods of each member with the collective force of all, and under which each individual, while uniting himself with others, obeys no-one but himself, and remains as free as before (p. 60). The solution to this conundrum is Rousseaus social contract where each one of us puts into the community his person and all his powers under the supreme direction of the general will; and as a body we incorporate every member as an indivisible part of the whole (p. 61). The people become a single unity with a will of its own and a common purpose. In effect man gives up completely his natural liberty and in return receives civil liberty. By renouncing natural liberty we are giving up the ability to indulge our animal desires but in return we gain a civil liberty, something we aspire to as an intelligent being and a man (p. 65). When man has civil liberty he is truly free because this requires obedience to a law that is his own. Civil liberty is not giving in to impulsive desires but instead the being faithful to second order desires. Real freedom does not lie in the satisfaction of animal impulses but in the satisfying of desires that men as rational beings desire. Mans interaction with others will require the use of reason and the use of will in order for him to subordinate immediate personal desire to a higher social good. When Rousseau talks of taking men as they are (p. 41), he doesnt insinuate the corrupt beings of contemporary society but instead natural man, men who are capable of rational thought and who are subject to morality. It is important to understand mans desire for self-preservation and his own self interest, it is the consideration of these factors that men will enter into a political society. The positive advantages gained from such an agreement will guarantee self-preservation and secure proprietorship but more importantly man acquires moral freedom. Rousseau maintains that to be governed by appetite alone is slavery, [but] obedience to a law one prescribes to oneself is freedom (p. 65). As soon as man follows order instead of impulse his existence is given elevation and importance that are unknown to man in his state of nature. Rousseau is clear in his belief that it is only the participation in political society that can transform man from a stupid and limited animal (p. 65). Man having surrendered his natural liberty now submits himself to the general will (p. 61). Consent is no longer sufficient to establish the legitimacy of the acts of sovereign, a man has no right to call another his slave, but only through consent of the slave which is indeed absurd1. Mans intrinsic freedom is realised by a submission to the general will because it can neither alienate any part of itself (p. 60) nor offend against any one of its members without offending the body (p. 60). If this social contract is adhered to then there cannot be a manifestation of any particular will or interest in conflict with the common interest. The social contract makes men equal by covenant and by right (p. 68) and it is Rousseaus intention to bring together individuals in a way that gives them a collective expression and a collective force. It is with this knowledge that the individual will surrender his own limited power for the protection given by the combined power of the whole community. The concept of the collective force and sovereignty is irrelevant unless everyone without exception accepts it, for if any individual were to be considered exempt genuine political freedom is impossible. With the conditions being equal for all, namely the total alienation by each associate of himself and all his rights to the whole community (p. 60) and because all freely accept them; in obeying the supreme direction of the general will (p. 61), the citizens are obeying themselves and this is truly freedom. The citizens commit themselves on the same conditions and must enjoy the same rights; sovereignty becomes the guarantor of freedom but Rousseaus account of freedom is paradoxical. Man has to understand that his view point is false and his real will is to be identified with the community as a whole, whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole of society, which means nothing less than he will be forced to be free (p. 64). How can it be legitimate to force someone to be free? Such a statement seems to advocate a form of totalitarianism but despite any dark undertones conjured from such a statement there is an inclination to be sympathetic. Rousseau presents us with a situation where we all participate in governing ourselves as one body, what else are we to do when, in society someone wishes to undermine a system so legitimately formed? Natural freedom cannot be granted to individuals who would use it in a manner as to undermine the civil freedom we encompass as a body politic. We cannot allow democratic freedom to destabilise democracy itself. BIBLIOGRAPHY Penguin Classics, Jean Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract Ronald Grimsley, The Philosophy of Rousseau, Oxford University Press, 1973 Anthony Harrison-Barbet, Mastering Philosophy, Macmillan Press, 1990 Asher Horowitz, Rousseau, Nature, and History, University of Toronto Press, 1987 1 Mastering Philosophy, Anthony Harrison-Barnet, Macmillan Master Series, 1990.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Inclusion - Both Practice and Educational Philosophy

Inclusion - Both Practice and Educational Philosophy Definition Inclusion is both a practice and a basic underpinning of modern educational philosophy. A Practice The practice of inclusion in public schools is based on the legal concept of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) When Congress passed PL94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, it was in response to the findings of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1971 in PARC (Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens) vs. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The decision stated that children with handicaps were protected under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Least Restrictive Environment has come to be known, through legal challenges and due process, as that educational experience that is most like that received by non-disabled students. Districts (the Local Education Authority) are expected to offer a full spectrum of placements in the best interest of children, from full inclusion, which means receiving all instruction in the general education setting, to residential treatment,when it is in the best interest of the child, and all alternate levels of restriction have been exhausted.   It also requires that students with disabilities attend schools in their neighborhood, rather than in special schools.   Most students receive support and services in something between the two extremes, as for students with significant academic challenges, they often do the best when they receive explicit instruction in the resource room, where the difference in their skills and their need to focus are not compromised by active students.  Ã‚   The amount of time spent in a special education setting needs to be designated in their IEP, as well as being justified there. Inclusion as a Philosophy Inclusion is also an educational philosophy. Supported by research, it fosters belief that children with disabilities do better in general education settings with typically developing peers. It also advances the understanding, also supported by research, that best practices in special education, especially differentiation, provide the most success for general education as well as special education students. Unlike mainstreaming which proposed to stick students qualifying for special education in general educations to sink or swim, inclusion holds that students of broadly differing abilities can succeed with appropriate support. Although integration is sometimes used interchangeably with inclusion, it is more generally understood as the effort to bring minorities, English Language Learners and new immigrants from diverse populations, into local educational communities, and the practices that best foster smooth integration into social and cultural groups.   Certainly, good teaching is good teaching, and strategies that help integrate English Language Learners also supports students with specific learning disabilities in building and enriching language development.    Pronunciation: in-kloo-shun Also Known As: integration, inclusional (in Canada and England) Examples: The Rye, New Jersey school district has clearly demonstrated its commitment to inclusion by hiring and training extra special education teachers to co-teach in middle school and high school classrooms with general education teachers.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Advantages of the current healthcare insurance in the US Essay

Advantages of the current healthcare insurance in the US - Essay Example Reports from Federal Budget and General Accounting Office of USA display the fact that if universal health care is implemented then there would be a saving of $100- $200 billion per year. This is a huge monetary benefit that country can secure for other vocations. The advantage was understood by the Canada government long back, in 1971 and they adopted single-payer system. People are much happy by adopting this system and they are contentedly enjoying peace of mind as they do not have to be bothered about their health and care facilities and are not willing to revert back to their old, US-kind of system. The government of Canada knows that in terms of economy they are lagging behind as compared to USA but by adopting universal health insurance they are saving a lot in terms of funds. It is essential to understand that by adopting universal health insurance, single payer universal health care cost would decrease due to diminution of administrative cost, as compared to the current US-system of health care facilities where individuals are paying around 50-100% more administrative charges, which is a remarkable loss of finances (Battista, McCabe, 1999). By adopting universal health care insurance enhanced management, monetary gains and ease can be accomplished. It is necessary for the citizens of US to have this understanding and also it is essential that government should make the people aware to dissolve their myths and wrong notions that they have created in their minds and should understand the benefits they will be provided with, for the sake and better prospects of the nation, as we never shop for health it is not a product, but people can enjoy the same kind of facilities at much lower cost. It is essential that government and NGOs must understand the benefits of health insurance and should create public awareness program through talks and discussions and

Friday, October 18, 2019

How Bodies will interact in the Future Depends On our Experience on Research Paper

How Bodies will interact in the Future Depends On our Experience on how they have interacted in the Past - Research Paper Example In the field of natural and physical sciences, the law of cause and effect works very well. Events that occur have their causes. Earthquakes are caused by volcanic eruptions; floods may be caused by heavy rains. When one doesn't eat he will surely die. There are several instances illustrating the veracity of these statements. These are simple occurrences that anyone can easily understand. We automatically believe that everything that happens has a cause. David Hume, a Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian advanced a totally different view of causation. According to him, causes and effects are not discovered by reason but through experience. When we see that one event "causes" another, what we see is that this event is constantly conjoined to another. Hume believes that there is no reason to believe that one caused the other or but they will be always conjoined in the future. This belief of Hume is somewhat intriguing for what relationship would exist between the occurrences of two unrelated events, one occurring before the other. InductiInductive reasoning works on the principle that past acts are reliable guides to future acts. This is based on the principle of uniformity of nature. Because of this uniformity interactions will be similar. There are numerous instances which illustrate this, but there are also instances where the contrary is exhibited. When the acts have the propensity to renew itself or its operation, we call this the effect of custom or habit. Forms of Induction According to Wikipedia contributors (2007), David Hume's inductive inference comes in two forms:1. Demonstrative or intuitive This reasoning is basically a priori. We cannot determine a priori that the future will conform with the past because logically the world may stop being uniform. This cannot be grounded on a priori reasoning, hence the need to put it aside. 2. Inductive Again we cannot rely on the past to infer that the future will be similar or like it. At first glance, this seems to be a logical theory. We arrive at the truth through induction. Again, the reason is expected as its determining factor in the process, so like the first method, the demonstrative or intuitive method, Hume also discarded.Hume proposed that these two have no rational foundations and therefore cannot be depended upon.

Some thoughts of the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Some thoughts of the article - Essay Example Therefore, to address these problems, government should to utilize tools for monetary and fiscal policy. Monetary policies tool entails utilization of discount rates and reserve requirements to control inflation and stabilize the economy. On the contrary, fiscal policies tool entails application of taxes as well as control of government expenditure to achieve certain economic goals (Taylor & Weerapana, 2008). On the contrary, Micro economics refers to a branch of economics that involves the study of decisions made by individuals and firms regarding the scarce resource. Whereby, in micro economics, consumers aims to maximize their utility despite having scarce resource aims to maximize their profits while at the same time minimizing their cost. However, due to limited resources, both firms and individuals experience opportunity cost. Whereby, they have to decide the best alternatives to forgo given the fact that resources are limited (Mankiw, 2011). Normally, in micro economics, the prices of goods and services are determined by market forces of supply and demand as well as government regulations. Therefore, both individuals and firms should take into consideration the issues of tax and government regulations when making their decisions (Chandra,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Roman Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roman Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Roman Fashion" discovers the fashion history in Rome. Due to lifestyle developments, individuals and societies have learned to use their clothing, with the aid of other decorations, as a form of nonverbal expression of their personality, occupation, status, and affiliation. Fashion refers to the way of carrying and styling these clothing with accessories, hairstyle, adornment and body art. Fashion does not merely converse individual identity in such a way that it instantly let other people see and understand a person, as it may speak of plain sophistication or even a personal rage, moreover, it demonstrate a social perception. This is greatly evident in the way fat women were once considered beautiful whereas current fashion trend have somehow made a vast promotion of diet, exercise and even surgery with its picture of beauty as being slim. A person can be identified to a certain tribe, organization or field of work by merely looking at his/her wardrobe. Attires may explai n a person’s role, may she be a housewife or a company manager. It can be a mode of displaying once wealth as well as poverty. As Thorstein Veblen, an economist of the book The Theory of the Leisure Class, has wrote â€Å"†¦our apparel is always in evidence and affords an indication of our pecuniary standing to all observers at first glance... â€Å". With its vast influence, stating all its implications would be a tedious job, if not impossible. Fashion has become so powerful that it can imply almost anything related to human. Costume and fashion, collectively, refers to manner and style of clothing. It is considered an art that decodes personality or culture at any particular time. With pictorial arts, costumes and fashion have revealed much of the history. It had managed to explain social transformation from the very remote past to the most current civilization. CHAPTER 1 ROMAN CLASSIC "From the Hellenistic Era to present day, fashion fads and statements evolved from similar backgrounds to make styles that seem new, but are really just "doctored-up" versions that can be traced back to the times of ancient Rome" (R.W.) Roman people have applied their creativity in every aspect of their lives including manner of clothing. Their garments were simple as it were basically made of wool with minimal use of stitch. Variations have eventually existed due to social status. Safety pins and knots give various shapes to their garments and undergarments; hence they have to designate a different name for each particular design. Toga was once the basic Roman garment for both men and women (Figure 1). Eventually women's clothing has to be made distinct. Similar to Greek himation, though much larger and more complicated in its draping. Toga's size and shape indicates social position. It is usually made of white wool and undecorated but had later been elaborated with gold embroidery during the late Empire. Tunica serves as their under garments for both men and women (Fig. 2). It resembles that of the reeks which were sleeveless. It is made of two wide cloths having sewn almost to the top leaving enough space for the armholes and neckline. It is fastened with pins or buttons and then held with a belt. Women's tunica are usual fuller and longer. As a symbol of decency and honor, married women wear stola (Fig. 2). Apart from its rectangular shape, it is a sleeveless tunic that resembles a toga which is a long wide cloth. It is a long garment that drapes around the body covering

From 'The Beginnings of Social Understanding' by Judy Dunn, explain Essay

From 'The Beginnings of Social Understanding' by Judy Dunn, explain how Judy Dunn believes the child's early social interactions may influence his or her devel - Essay Example Even among some of the higher mammals, where there is a process of integration of the young to the community, the time taken for that is brief. The detailed study of Dunn of the children as they grow in the family, show that children come to understand the social rules of the family and the feelings, intentions and relationships of others by personally experiencing a process. She argues that self-interest is a major motive in the social growth of children and their emotional experiences and the value judgement that they are naturally skilled in making even in early childhood impact in their development as full-fledged participants in the community. Dunn sees the seeds of the children's development in social skills and propensities of small children exihibit in infancy..Most children exhibit a tendency for co-operative play. Proneness to share food and toys and innate sensitivity to the feelings of others are imbibed early in life to equip themselves for the larger roles time will ask them to play in a society. The children almost instinctively prepare themselves to live in small groups, where collaboration and coordinated effort will be called for. The human condition from time immemorial depended on shared concerns.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Experts Connection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experts Connection - Research Paper Example Administrators of special education programs need to be aware of the issues in special education so as to deal with them effectively. Special education programs are designed to cater for the needs of students with sensory or physical disabilities, emotional difficulties, behavioral difficulties, communication problems, medical/health conditions and learning difficulties (Simpson & Sonja, 2009). There are many issues in special education programs. They include legal issues, funding issues and personnel issues among others (Pardini, 2002). It is important for administrators of special education programs to comprehend these issues so as to effectively manage the programs and deal with problems that may arise. These administrators of special education programs that serve students who receive special education services should be aware of all the potential issues that may face the programs. Administrators of special education programs are faced with numerous legal issues. There are laws that are designed to protect the rights of learners with disabilities. These legislations should be clear to the administrators of special education programs so that they can be able to comply with the law when managing special education programs and serving the educational needs of students with special needs. An example of such legislation is the Individuals with Disabilities Education (IDEA) Act which is meant to ensure education for children with disabilities in public schools in the most conducive environment (Cortiella, 2009). The law stipulates that special designed instructions and services should be provided to all students with special needs and disabilities. Another example is the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, under which all educational programs in the US are governed. The laws governing special education do so at both state and federal

From 'The Beginnings of Social Understanding' by Judy Dunn, explain Essay

From 'The Beginnings of Social Understanding' by Judy Dunn, explain how Judy Dunn believes the child's early social interactions may influence his or her devel - Essay Example Even among some of the higher mammals, where there is a process of integration of the young to the community, the time taken for that is brief. The detailed study of Dunn of the children as they grow in the family, show that children come to understand the social rules of the family and the feelings, intentions and relationships of others by personally experiencing a process. She argues that self-interest is a major motive in the social growth of children and their emotional experiences and the value judgement that they are naturally skilled in making even in early childhood impact in their development as full-fledged participants in the community. Dunn sees the seeds of the children's development in social skills and propensities of small children exihibit in infancy..Most children exhibit a tendency for co-operative play. Proneness to share food and toys and innate sensitivity to the feelings of others are imbibed early in life to equip themselves for the larger roles time will ask them to play in a society. The children almost instinctively prepare themselves to live in small groups, where collaboration and coordinated effort will be called for. The human condition from time immemorial depended on shared concerns.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Critical Evaluation of International Essay Example for Free

Critical Evaluation of International Essay A review of literature on international HRM reveals three different approaches (Dowling et al. , 1999, p. 2): Comparative, Cross-cultural and multi-national. Firstly, according to Adler (1997), the early approaches to researching international HRM focused on cross-cultural differences and examination of human behaviour from an international perspective. Certainly, research on cross-cultural organizational behaviour has become a conduit for the understanding of the dynamics of multicultural domestic and international workplaces within the advent of globalisation. There are different levels of analysis within cross-national HRM, national factors, contingent factors and organisational level. Cross-national HRM researchers claim that it is at the levels of national factors and contigent variables that they can make useful contributions through the examination of the impacts of such determinants of HRM policies and practices (Boxall, 1995; Brewster et al, 1996). However, other researchers (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997; Jackson and Schuler, 1995) argue that national factors and contingent variables are not enough in themselves to provide an understanding of the context-specific nature of HRM practices. It is important therefore, to consider analysis of the impact of organisational-level strategies (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997). Secondly, the comparative approach focuses on similarities and differences in HRM practices within an international context. Undeniably, Budhwar Sparrow (2002) note that the increase in globalisation of business transactions, the emergence of new markets such as the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as well as hyper competition among organisations at equally the domestic and international level have been associated with an increased significance and need for comparative human resource management (HRM) studies. As a result, there has been a growing number of studies addressing the configuration of HRM in different national contexts (Budhwar Sparrow, 2002). According to Rechie, Lee and Quintanilla (2009) one of the most significant role of comparative HRM research is to provide managers, principally those working in multinational firms, with specific guidelines concerning how to design and implement an effective HRM system taking into consideration cultural differences especially when their business operation enters into different cultural contexts for example western multinationals seeking to do business in China. This notion of being responsive to the context and standardisation of HRM policies and practices has generated controversial but nonetheless critical topics of discussion in comparative HRM, such as the debate on localization versus standardization, and the process of transferring HRM policies and practices across nations (Rechie et al, 2009). The thirdly, multinational approach, tends to focus on HRM practices in multinational organisations. The HRM extant literature reveals that there are two distinct schools of thought as regards approaches to managing people within MNCs: (i) convergence and (ii) divergence. According to Brewster et al. , (2007), the convergence approach is said to be one of the most dominant strands in international management research. On the one hand, the convergence approach has three main assumptions: firstly, the ultimate aim in all organisations is to improve performance through high-performance work systems (Brewster, 2001). Secondly, the universal aim of performance improvement can be achieved by using sound and effective management philosophies that hold true despite of differences among national environments (Girgin, 2005). Thirdly, proponents of the convergence approach argue that if local practices are different from these principles, they are expected to be replaced with ‘the one best way’, converging mainly on the American model as the leading industrial economy (Dowling et al. , 1999). According to Girgin (2005) the concept of convergence towards the one best way practice has been encouraged and/or supported by the forces of globalisation, which has led to the opening of world markets, deregulation, regional integration and improvements in communication technologies. Although HRM as a field of practice was developed in America, the principles and practices designed for America may not hold for other parts of the world. Barlett and Ghoshal (1989), say that, the main suggestion of the globalisation argument is that nationality factors in the operation of national systems and of companies are no longer influential or important as international companies become ‘trans-national’ which converge to a new ‘best model’. Yes, the IHRM literature shows that because multinational corporations are embedded in their home institutional environments, they may attempt to transfer ‘home’ practices to their foreign operations in different cultural environments (Edwards et al. , 1999). However, the study of HRM practices in Europe (see Brewster et al 2007) suggest that national differences are significant in the determination of HRM practices. On the other hand, the divergence approach or contextual paradigm searches for contextually unique practices and approaches to management, it does not search for evidence of similarities (Brewster, 2001). Within the IHRM literature, the focal point of the divergence standpoint is the dissimilarity of policies and applications across different national and regional contexts and tries to understand the particularities of the context with a view to interpret why and how such differences have emerged in these settings (Brewster, 2005). Within the divergence school of thought, there are two distinct approaches to managing human resources in multinational organisations: (i) the culturalist and (ii) the institutionalist perspectives. Based mainly on Hofstede’s (1980) value-based behavioural dimensions and concepts of national culture which have made an attempt to explain the influence of culture upon Multinationals’ behaviour, the culturalist approach has found widespread acceptance in the IHRM literature. Hofstede (1980) came to a conclusion that culture was the main determinant of the variations in work-related values, attitudes and behaviours among employees and managers within the same organisation, and of the same profession, age, or gender. Hofstede found that there were four dimensions that explained the differences in work-related values and behaviours: (i) Individualism and collectivism, (ii) Uncertainty avoidance, (iii) Power distance and (iv) Masculinity and femininity According to Girgin (2005), the culturalist approach endeavours to build an understanding of differences in work organisations, managerial behaviour and human resource practices based on attributes of national cultural distinctiveness in terms of values, ideas and beliefs shared by people in a given society. Under the divergence school of thought, the institutionalist perspective is the second. The main argument of the institutionalist perspective is that national institutional contexts (for example, government systems, training and development systems) play a major role in determining structures and strategies of organisations (Girgin, 2005). According to Girgin (2005), those who support the Institutionalist perspective stress the pressures on companies to acquire and maintain legitimacy in relation to the environment and the way that interlocking practices can bring benefits in particular systemic contexts. This perspective presents itself as a more comprehensive framework for the comparative study of different national systems (Girgin, 2005). For example, despite the knowledge of the influence of culture on organisational behaviour, HR practitioners cannot simply measure cultural values across their operations and predict behaviour, due cognisance must be given to various institutional contexts. As noted by Dewettinck and Remue (2011) certain practices are shared across or within particular contexts; some are distinctive of certain countries; some are unique to certain sectors or sections of an organization or even individuals. Without doubt, while each of the above approaches sharpens the focus on some aspects of HRM, it is possible that solely focusing on one aspect may unavoidably, hinder capturing the positive aspects from other perspectives(Mayrhofer and Brewster, 2005). Indeed what appears to be more significant in researching international HRM is the context. According to Dewettinck and Remue (2011) the notion of context and/or focus on contextual factors has been reflected in the cross-cultural embedment of many international HRM studies (Brewster, Mayrhoferand Morley, 2004), in addition, the Globe project which was focused on leadership also reveals that context is important (House and Javidan, 2004). For example, a recent study by Hartmann et al. (2010) of western multinationals operating in China shows that these organisations implement relatively unchanged HRM practices from their home country in their Chinese subsidiaries. The study of Hartmann et al. , reveals that consideration of contextual factors is important in the understanding of HRM practices and the management of people in an international context. As a matter of fact, results of Hartmann et al. ’s study indicate that, although the Chinese subsidiaries of Western multinationals were able to implement unchanged HRM practices such as talent management from their headquarters, the practices were not successfully internalised. This demonstrates the significance of national cultures and being responsive to local needs in implementing HRM practices. The example above actually shows that context is an important aspect in researching international HRM regardless of the approach taken. In conclusion, there is indeed something to be learnt from each of the perspectives. Each of the perspectives do make considerable contribution to the understanding of international HRM.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Birth Of A Nation: Art Or Propaganda Essay -- essays research papers

Birth of A Nation: Art or Propaganda   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mankind, engaging in war, driven by whatever instincts guide him, seeks to keep the defeats and victories of battle in his memory and on his conscience. To accomplish this men have used paint and canvas, ink and paper, or instrument and song in their effort to communicate the tragedy and glory of war. Never, before the career of D.W. Griffith had anyone attempted to bring the subject to film. The result of his efforts, weaknesses aside, mark a change in attitude towards film as a media. Perhaps audiences previously going to a picture expected emotional manipulation. After all, years before the film Birth of a nation, makers of film employed techniques to evoke pathos from viewers; whether through the use of a sobbing mother, a frightened child or what have you. In this respect the film was not a ground-breaker; However, through its effective use of devices such as symbolism, foreshadowing and allusions, as well as building on and arguably perfecting film techniques such as continuity editing, intercutting and close-ups, he transformed film from mere entertainment to art and propaganda.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To present and explore a theme, symbolism is used everywhere in literature. Whether the image is subtle or obvious it is regardless a sign of considerable calculation and effort. In Birth of a nation Griffith places symbols everywhere, in doing this he merges literary devices of written works wi...

Saturday, October 12, 2019

The Character of O-lan in Pearl S. Bucks The Good Earth :: Pearl Buck Good Earth Essays

The Character of O-lan in Pearl S. Buck's The Good Earth    Pearl S. Buck's The Good Earth depicts the journey of a Chinese farmer and his family in the early twentieth century. It begins with the protagonist, Wang Lung, marrying a servant, O-lan, from a neighboring rich house. They start a family in their small country town, and endure grueling times, including droughts, floods, and war. Wang Lung and O-lan work as hard as horses to ensure their family's survival. The family's persistence finally prevails, and the land eventually produces great riches. O-lan plays a considerable role in the success of the family. Buck portrays O-lan as a resourceful and reliable woman.    O-lan is very knowledgeable and draws on past experiences. She is a skilled cook because she worked in the kitchens as slave. When O-lan first arrives at Wang Lung's house, she prepares a deliciously cooked meal. In response to Wang Lung's questions of her dexterity, she blandly replies, I have been kitchen slave since I went into the House of Hwang. There were meats at every meal (22). Wang Lung received many compliments from his family and friends for O-lan's dinner. She is familiar with the preparation many different kinds of food, such as corn cobs, meats, and other varied foods.    O-lan is an experienced beggar. This skill was used in a critical time. The family was forced to face many adversities during the drought. Wang-Lung and O-lan reluctantly decided to move to a southern city to escape starvation. O-lan used her childhood begging talents to assist the family in surviving the dilemmas of the city. She knew who to plead to, where to beg, and most importantly, taught the other children to beg.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Examine the view that theoretical issues are the most important factor influencing sociologist’s choice of research methods Essay

Many sociologists argue that theoretical issues are the most important factors to affect choice of method. Theoretical issues refer to what we think society is like and if we can obtain an accurate and truthful picture of it. There are four different concerns regarding theoretical issues which influence sociologist’s choice of research methods. Validity is a method that gives a true or genuine picture of what something is really like, which helps the researcher easily find out the truth. Sociologists argue that the use of qualitative methods such as Participant Observation gives a more valid, truthful account as it provides us with a deeper insight through firsthand experience. The next issue that influences sociologist’s choice is reliability which comes from Latin, replica meaning an exact copy of something. This results in the method being able to be repeated and creates a less bias and more accurate research again and again. Quantitative methods such as written ques tionnaires can be used as they are more reliable results than qualitative methods such as unstructured interviews. Another theoretical issue is representativeness which refers to how much of the characteristics you are looking for is represented by the people being studied. For example if a sociologist is researching single parent homes, you will not interview nuclear families, because they are not representing the variables they are looking for. Similarly if someone is investigating delinquency, they will not conduct their research in a place that is very well developed or a place that has a lot of wealthy people living there, because it would not be representative of the phenomena they wish to study. The last theoretical issue is methological perspective which is a choice of method that is influenced by their perspective – their view of what society is and how we should study it. There are two contrasting perspectives on choice of methods: positivism – which prefers quantitative data and seeks to discover patterns of behaviour and see’s sociology as a science. Whereas the interpretive perspective prefer qualitative data and seek to understand social actors (those who exercise free will) meanings, they reject the view that sociolog y is a science. However with practical issues may be seen as an important factor which influences sociologists choice of research methods. It is important to understand the topic or group being studied. For  example, if the topic is sensitive, such as domestic violence, bullying, grades at school etc. For sensitive information, unstructured interviews would be the best research method as the researcher can build up a rapport with the participant, meaning that the participant would be more likely to open up to the researcher. For example, Dobash and Dobash carried out informal interviews on women who had experienced domestic violence. Another practical factor that affects choice of method is the social characteristics of the researcher. For example a 30 year old man from the upper middle class would find it impossible to pass off as a 17 year old female sixth form student from a working class area. This would mean that they wouldn’t be able to use covert participant observation as a research method. Instead, they should use questionnaires for information if they need quantitative data (e.g. roughly how many hours they do homework for) or semi-structured interviews if they wanted qualitative data (e.g. to talk about if they were happy with their subject choice). Lastly some sociologists may agree that ethical issues has the biggest impact on the choice of research methods – ethical issues involve right and wrong or what is considered good, and what is considered evil in a society. The methods that sociologists use to study people may raise a range of ethical questions. There has been a guideline put in place by The British Sociological Association for the conduct of research. Vulnerable groups which special care should be taken where research participants are particularly vulnerable because of their ethnic background, age, physical or mental health. For example when a researcher is studying children at school, they should regard an issue of child protection and need consent from both the child and the parent/career and provide information that children can understand. Confientiality and privary where researchers must keep the identity of research partipcants secret in order to help prevent possible negative effects of them. They should also respect the privary of research participants. Personal information conserning any participant should be kept confidential. In conclusion Theoretical issues is the biggest influence of their choice of research methods because of the major influence on the choice of research topic; for example a new right research er will want to study the effect of welfare benefits on the growth of lone-parent  families, since the idea of welfare dependency is central to their standpoint. Contrastingly, a feminist researcher will likely be more inclined to choose to study domestic violence, as opposition to gender oppressions lies at the core of feminist theory

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Amadeus Biopic Essay

Told from the flash back perspective of an aged Antonio Salieri in an insane asylum to a priest for a confession, the movie reveals Antonio’s introduction to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, his professional career with Mozart, and his bitter rivalry and betrayal of Mozart. The film depicts an inaccurate account of Mozart’s life but still delivers on the pieces which he composed. Throughout the film, we’re exposed to what are clearly historical inaccuracies. I understand that this film is an adaptation of the original Peter Shaffer’s Amadeus performed on Broadway in the 1980’s and for purely theatrical purposes to endow the story with a plot, these changes had to either be implemented or just purely fabricated in order for the story to make sense. However, some of the erroneous interpretations of Mozart’s life are just impossible to ignore for anyone who even had even the simplest understanding of his life, such as myself. The predominant trait of Mozart that stuck out to me like a sore thumb was his high pitched cackling laughter. The movie’s laugh for Amadeus was constructed from letters that referenced Mozart having an â€Å"infectious, giddy laugh† much like â€Å"metal scraping glass† according to Forman. However, Robert L. Marshall, author of â€Å"Film as Musicology: Amadeus,† discredits this notion as there were no citations that provided the existence of such letters. Since Mozart lived over two centuries ago, there’s no possible way to know exactly how he sounded. However, the brilliant Mozart in the film is supposed to be Gods creature (The Latin translation of Amadeus translates to â€Å"lover of God† or â€Å"beloved by God†) that usurps the mediocre Salieris position as the â€Å"voice of God. † So in effect, his laugh is God mocking Salieri in his mediocrity which further drives the frustration and anger of Salieri towards Mozart thus pushing the plot along. While we’re on that subject, there is little evidence that Mozart and Salieri actually rivaled each other to the extreme that the movie depicts. Certainly, they were rivals, but they were professional rivals. By professional rivals, I mean that even though they often butted heads in their pursuit of music and their attempted publicity of their works, they still admired and respected each other greatly. Despite Salieri being the inferior musician, he still pooled great respect from Emperor Joseph II and his subjects and served as court composer, director of the Italian opera, and court conductor. Mozart on the other hand came as an outsider therefore did not possess the same influence or reputation as Salieri. To me, this just appears to be the politics of music; it’s not what you know, it’s who you know. Regardless, Salieri really didn’t have a reason to hate Mozart as much as the movie shows because his influence alone virtually neutralized Mozart as a threat. I’m sure when Mozart attempted to get his operas on the Italian stages it must have certainly irked Salieri, but never to the point of violence. However, once again the fiction is created in order to develop a sensical plot line. Without that aggressive rivalry, there’s no movie. One last thing that I personally found confusing is that absence of Joesph Haydn from the entire movie. History tells us that Mozart and Haydn met somewhere 1783 or 1784 and instantly hit it off. They both admired each other’s work immensely and Mozart even went as far as to dedicate six string quartets to Haydn as a tribute to the father of the string quartet. Throughout their lives, they were in correspondence with one another up until Mozart’s death. However, despite this documented historical fact, Haydn is still left out of the movie. The movie itself is about two famous classical composers so why not add Haydn to attract Haydn fans to the play or movie? One can only guess as to why that is. Perhaps Forman thought that the addition of another prominent classical composer would ultimately lessen the importance of the feud between Mozart and Salieri. But Forman fashioned other characters throughout the film in order to serve roles that further drove the plot, so why not use Haydn instead? Or at least mention him? At one point in the film, Mozart mentions that he doesn’t care for Gluck (which is also inaccurate, he was an admirer of Gluck), but nevertheless, he still at least mentions the name. At this point it’s all speculation and I can’t find anywhere an explanation for his absence. The movie is riddled with other inaccuracies that raise a lot of questions, but if anything I learned in English is true, it’s that in order to read any literature that’s fiction or watch any movie, you’re supposed to â€Å"suspend yourself in willful disbelief† meaning that enjoy it for what it is without dissecting it too much, which I can honestly and wholeheartedly say I did. Although it doesn’t give an accurate portrayal of Mozart, Salieri or the setting it’s supposed to be placed in, it still gives an enjoyable experience. Despite the erroneous depiction, the musical pieces revealed chronologically throughout the film are in fact the offspring of Mozart’s genius. Whilst enjoying each piece as much as the next, I don’t have the musical ear or expertise to discern which piece is being played in which scene, aside from the operas. However, the films composer John Strauss created a two disc soundtrack for the film and I have to admit, even though I lack the expertise, I am astounded by Mozart’s ability. Luckily, between the internet and my own mothers personal love for music (Fortunately, she had a library of CDs that included many of Mozart’s work), I was able to essentially find each individual piece within the movie. I have to say, my favorite musical piece offered in the movie is the finale of the Don Giovanni. Perhaps some of it is because of the twist that Salieri puts on it; that â€Å"only [he] understood that the horrifying apparition was Leopald raised from the dead! The inference that I took from that between the monumental sounding music and the fervently conducting Mozart in the scene is that Mozart poured his personal misfortune of not living up to his father’s expectations in his work. It just makes it seem to be so personal, so passionate. I know that was the movies intent for me to feel that way, but I couldn’t help getting sucked in, between seeing the gargantuan black commander singing in the deep bass voice is what seems to me to be such an accusing tone allegorically â€Å"accusing his son in front of the world† as Salieri puts it. All the while the plot twists during this play, as the madness grew within Salieri as he discovers such a simple way to destroy Mozart. It’s just so epic, for lack of better words. One of the brighter operas in the film â€Å"The Marriage of Figgaro† has a much lighter note. Despite all of the red tape Mozart endures, he nevertheless through the exceptionally brilliance of his music and borderline arrogance persuades the emperor to allow him to perform his opera. While we obviously never get to see the whole thing, the music and performance we do see is good. I wouldn’t say I particularly cared for it. The colors, the notes, the lighting, it’s just too bright. However, the most impressive part of it is that his confidence in his music allowed him to break the traditional rules in order for his perform his opera. This seems metaphorically to portray the fact that Mozart’s music didn’t follow these contemporary musical rules of the time which contributed to his genius. Perhaps that’s a long stretch, but that’s immediately what came to mind. While the movie is composed (Pun intended) of Mozart’s work, it would take an entire separate paper to dissect each one individually. Regardless, each piece performed in the play is enjoyable from one degree to another. Overall, I have to say I was more than happy with this movie. For a while, I dreaded watching the movie thinking it would be a long drawn out boring biographic film, but to my surprise it shared little characteristics with a biography. The central thematic message of the movie is mostly if not entirely fictitious, but still lays a foundation in which the movie tells factual information about Mozart and sets a stage in which one can hear the pieces and enjoy them chronologically. To be frank and honest, if these fabrications of the bitter rivalry between Salieri and Mozart weren’t there, I would have had a hard time truly appreciating the Mozart as seen in the movie. Not to say his music is bad, it’s brilliant, but the underlying plot is what made the movie so interesting. Ultimately, if you’re looking for historical facts about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, look elsewhere. If you’re looking for a movie that’s interesting and loosely based on one of the world’s greatest composers who ever lived, look no further.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Corporate Governance and Heart Kids

BSBINM401A- Assessment 9Brandon Finn Task 1: Standard 1; Customer Feedback Form Standard 2; Lockable filing cabinet/ records Standard 3; Customer Satisfaction Survey/History Standard 4; As above Standard 5; As above Standard 6; As above I didn’t find this question to be very clear. Task 2: Home Address; Yes, we will require this to work out the cost of living for the customer’s location. Age; Yes, we would require this to decide their stage of life. What their priorities are re; Superannuation, first home. Marital Status; Yes, we would use this as they might have a second income we should know about.Number of Children; Yes, We need to know the number of dependants as their cost of living be much higher than a single person. Occupation; No, not necessarily important as to wage. Level of Education; as above. Wage; Yes, we need to know the income coming in to work out what the client can afford to have coming out. Task 3: i. a. www. heartkidsvic. org. au b. The purpose is to create awareness of heart conditions in children, and to provide useful information and avenues of support for families of heart children. c. Families affected by child heart defects. . You can call or email them for further information or read the about us section on their website. e. The site is by Still Moving Design for Heart Kids Victoria. ii. Heart Kids Victoria Report; Heart Kids Victoria is a non for profit organisation aimed at supporting children and families of children with heart defects. The website www. heartkidsvic. org. au is very informative, with support options for families and stories on many beautiful children who unfortunately have suffered with some type of heart disease in their youth.There are some great stories of triumph and some very heartbreaking stories also. The target audience is families, but also gives options to anybody that would like to lend a helping hand, be it financial or volunteering, there is links to find out how. The website by Still M oving Design has a great layout and is very easy to find your way around. The site is very informative, easy to use and will melt your heart. Great cause! Task 4: a. The positive aspects are all information is recorded and then can be used for training and to improve current practices. . The negative aspects are that the information is being double handled therefore reducing the efficiency of all staff. c. To improve the currnet process you could design a computer based system in which staff input the information directly to. This would mean there is no double handling of information and would create greater efficiency for the company. Task 5: a. I would consult the IT staff for their advice as to the best system available for our needs.I would also consult with staff as to their thoughts/input on the idea. b. The costs would involve the IT staff time in implementing the new system. There would also be cost involved in purchasing the program itself. Also the costs involved in traini ng the staff. c. To get approval for the idea I would get all staff to vote as to whether or not they agree with the idea. I would then take it to a board meeting where the board would then vote in approval or against the idea with all costs and information available to them, d.To prepare staff I would call a meeting and organise a workshop for our IT staff to show all staff how to use the program efficiently and effectively. I would also provide any one on one training required to any individual staff member that may be having difficulties after the workshop. Task 6: a. Finance Manager and Chief Financial Officer b. Learning & Development Manager and Technical Operations Manager c. Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors d. Project Manager and Chief Technology Officer Task 7: Office 2010 Report to follow

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

RBC Centura Bank Groups and Teams Research Proposal

RBC Centura Bank Groups and Teams - Research Proposal Example task within an organization because failure to deliver may suggest that the different organizational controls are not properly placed within the organizations which are allowing gaps into the performance of different individuals working as a team. Many research studies successfully demonstrated that the gaps in the performance of the teams largely depend upon the structure and configuration of the team. (Stewart & Barrick, 2000). Structure and configuration of the teams therefore indicate towards the different dynamics involved in the organization as well as formation of the teams and then converting such teams into high performing teams. As such organizations must take into account different factors such as team leadership, cohesion, structure as well as configuration of the team to expect high performance from the proposed teams. This paper will discuss as to how a group can become a high performance team besides discussing the ethical considerations of globalization and its impacts on the team dynamics by evaluating RBC Centura Bank as a case study. Team dynamics require the effective formation of teams in order to extract best performance however, before expecting such high performance, it is imperative that all the ingredients of converting a group of individuals into a high performance team shall be put into place. Team structure is defined as the configuration or allocation of the roles, responsibilities as well as authority within the team. (Stewart & Barrick, 2000). Team structure is important for extracting high performance because by providing interdependence and autonomy to the teams, teams tend to perform better because both factors provide an in-built channel for effective communication and grievance handling besides being self regulated in their orientation. Thus, in order to successful convert a group into a successful and high performance team; it is critical that the overall structure of the team is wisely built so that coherence and

Monday, October 7, 2019

The Third World War-- the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Third World War-- the Cold War - Essay Example During the cold war period, the third world suffered more than those two countries. Beginning of the Cold War After the end of the World War II, there was a race between the United States and the Soviet Union to be the superpower in the whole world. This conflict started from 1945 onwards and it lasted for over 45 years till 19911. This is known as the Cold War. The two superpowers tried their best to dominate the world in their own way which suited their interest. As a result, when both these countries confronted each other in any part of the world, there was a sense of tension between them. This was mainly due to the fact that both of them were aware of each other’s power. However, both the US and the USSR never broke into any kind of a direct war. And since there was no â€Å"hot† war between them, it is known as the cold war2. The cold war had impact on more parts of the world than the World War II. There were real wars in many parts of the world due to the cold war . With the use of the nuclear weapons during the World War II, many people had this fear that this might lead to the third world war, which did not happen fortunately. Otherwise, with the nuclear weapons available to both these nations, they are capable of destroying the whole world, not once but many times. During the Second World War both these countries joined their hands and were able to defeat the Germans. But after this, the quest to become the superpower of the world started between these two nations. Interestingly, they were very much familiar with each other’s power. As a result, none of them did actually break down into a direct state of war. Truman Doctrine and the role of containment On March 12, 1947, the president of the U.S. gave a speech to a joint session of congress. He addressed the state of global affairs while he did not discuss anything regarding â€Å"containment† being a strategic concept3. He pointed towards the economic need of Greece and Turk ey. This proposal for economic assistance was termed as â€Å"Truman Doctrine†. The Greek government has asked for an urgent help from the U.S., both financially and economically. Greece, being not a rich country was under tremendous economic pressure. As a result of the invasions by the foreign nations they were in a state of bother. They were in such a condition that they did not have funds for food, cloth and shelter. Same was the case with Turkey, but it was somehow in a better position than Greece4. The main objective of the foreign policy of the U.S. was to create such conditions so that they can be in a state of harmony with other nations. For this reason, the U.S. participated in an immense way in the creation of the United Nations. The main objective of the United Nations was to arrange freedom for all its members5. It started a new relationship with the Soviet Union and the world. The Truman Doctrine described urgency on the part of the U.S. to help Greece and on th e same hand, to stop the spread of communism. With this foreign policy the U.S. was trying to earn the support of their people showing their mercy character towards others. Eventually it was also a way towards making them a leader in front of the world. Great Britain being unable to help out Greece and Turkey, the U.S. had taken this opportunity to look for extending their help to other poor nations with sole motive of acquiring them. U.S. accomplishments The United States has a very interesting history regarding the invasions it made in the past. There was a